Erdman, The Gospel of Luke (Philadelphia: West minster Press, 1979), 71. Erdman comments that Jews could more easily understand and accept the emphasis of Matthew than that of Luke. When we contrast Matthew’s statements with a parallel passage from Luke’s Sermon on the Plain, we see that Luke has chosen to emphasize those words of Jesus which underscore the importance of love (Luke 6:27-36). In Matthew 5:20 Jesus warns that the righteousness of his hearers must exceed that of the Scribes and Pharisees. First, the setting which provides the background for many of Jesus’ sermon statements is Jewish. The Jewishness of the Sermon on the Mount appears in several different features of the address. The sayings of the sermon will frequently emphasize a truth about Jesus, Christian mission, or discipleship. Using these categories, students of the Sermon on the Mount can analyze the content and emphasis of other sayings in the sermon. In this collection of sayings Jesus spoke of anger, discipline, honesty, vindictiveness, and love.
Jesus used this type of saying in the six antitheses of 5:21-48. 6:25-34 in this category.Ī final category contains instructions about the lifestyle of disciples.
7:21 refers to divine judgment when it says, “Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven.”Ī third category of sayings includes “mission-sayings.” Jeremias views some of these sayings as providing instructions for traveling missionaries who needed to learn complete dependence upon God. 5:25 speaks of impending human judgment when it says, “Settle matters quickly with your adversary who is taking you to court.” Matt. Second, he discovers a category which he calls “crisis-sayings.” This category refers to impending judgment. 5:17 where Jesus says, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them.” All quotations of Scripture are taken from Holy Bible, New International Version, copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, International Bible Society. An example of this type of statement appears in Matt. First, he observes those statements in which Jesus speaks concerning himself. His categories reflect a wise and proper use of form criticism. Joachim Jeremias, The Sermon on the Mount (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, Facet Books, 1963), 24-25. Joachim Jeremias has provided a handy analysis of the variety of sayings in the sermon by dividing them into four categories. Third, it is important to recognize the presence of figures of speech as they appear in the sermon. Second, it is important to note the Jewishness of the entire sermon. First, it is helpful to observe the varieties of sayings in the sermon. When we look at the sermon purely from the standpoint of its literary content, what features appear? Among the several possibilities, three distinctives provide important insights into the meaning of Jesus’ words. The topics to be considered include the literary features, theological content, homiletical distinctives, and spiritual application of Jesus’ words in the sermon. This article will dis cuss the sermon from four standpoints in order to provide guidelines for a wiser interpretation and application of its content. The fact that well-intentioned Christians can use more zeal than knowledge in applying Scripture makes the interpretation of the sermon an important task. For understanding this expression, “There are eunuchs who have made themselves such (who have acted the eunuch) for the sake of the kingdom of heaven,” in too literal and puerile a sense, …he was led on to fulfill the words of our Savior by his deeds, expecting that it would not be known to the most of his friends. Whilst at this time Origen was performing the office of an elementary instructor at Alexandria, he also carried a deed into effect, which would seem, indeed, rather to proceed from a youthful understanding not yet matured at the same time, however, exhibiting the strongest proof of his faith and continence. The church historian Eusebius describes Origen’s act of self-castration in the following words: Although Christians have never fully agreed on the meaning and application of Jesus’ sayings in the Sermon on the Mount, few have applied them as drastically as Origen applied Jesus’ saying in Matt.
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